Beginner’s guide to ethical hacking (and how to get certified)

What is ethical hacking?

Ethical hacking involves legally penetrating systems and networks to find vulnerabilities before malicious hackers can exploit them. Companies hire ethical hackers to test their security measures and strengthen their defences. Unlike their malicious counterparts, ethical hackers follow a strict code of conduct and always have permission before testing a system.

Ethical hacking is a key component of cybersecurity, which focuses on protecting computer systems from cyberattacks, data breaches and other threats. The skills required include network security, scripting, penetration testing and an understanding of frameworks.

Why ethical hacking matters

With cyber threats becoming increasingly sophisticated, demand for ethical hackers has surged across various sectors. From finance to healthcare to government agencies, organisations rely on these professionals to stay one step ahead of cybercriminals. This growing demand is reflected in the number of cybersecurity jobs available worldwide.

Getting started: Skills you need

You don’t need to be a computer science graduate to become an ethical hacker, but a passion for tech and a desire to solve problems are essential. Here are some foundational skills to focus on:

• Networking basics: Understanding how networks operate is crucial.
• Operating systems: Gain hands-on experience with Windows, Linux and MacOS.
• Scripting languages: Learn Python, Bash or PowerShell to automate tasks.
• Cybersecurity tools: Familiarise yourself with tools like Nmap and Wireshark.

You can start your journey with introductory cybersecurity courses and cybersecurity training programmes. Providers like CompTIA and EC-Council offer entry-level resources to build your foundational knowledge.

How to get certified

Certification is a great way to validate your skills and stand out in a competitive job market. Here are a few widely recognised certifications for beginners:

• CompTIA Security+ – A vendor-neutral certification covering the basics of network security and risk management.
• Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) – Designed for those with some experience, focusing specifically on ethical hacking techniques.

Entry-level career pathways

Once certified, you can explore a variety of roles. Many start as cybersecurity analysts, supporting larger teams by monitoring systems, analysing threats and responding to incidents. Entry-level roles can be fantastic stepping stones. These jobs offer hands-on experience and mentorship, often leading to quick progression.

Earning potential and job outlook

Cybersecurity is one of the fastest-growing tech sectors, check out our article UK cyber security sector revenue up 12% to £13 billion while the UK economy was flatlining, and ethical hacking is among the most sought-after specialisations. Salaries vary depending on experience and location, but even entry-level cybersecurity jobs offer competitive pay. In the UK, the cybersecurity salary for beginners typically starts around £30,000–£35,000, with experienced ethical hackers earning upwards of £60,000.

And with cybersecurity news reports constantly highlighting new threats and vulnerabilities, job security in this field remains high.

Becoming an ethical hacker isn't just about stopping bad actors; it's about protecting people, businesses and data. Whether you're pursuing your first cybersecurity course, aiming for a more prestigious certification like or applying for a new cybersecurity role, the path ahead is full of opportunity.

The cybersecurity field is evolving constantly, offering a chance to make a real difference. With the right training and mindset, you can build a career that’s not only rewarding but also vital to the future of our societies.